Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41649570›Full record

Trial reportEuropean journal of clinical pharmacology2026

Remimazolam vs. midazolam sedation in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in adults ≥ 65 years: Randomized controlled trial.

Jong Hoon Park, Choong-Kyun Noh, Sun Gyo Lim, Sung Jae Shin, Kee Myung Lee, Gil Ho Lee

Abstract readRandomized Controlled TrialComparative Study
In one paragraph

Trial report in European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Jong Hoon ParkDepartment of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
Choong-Kyun NohDepartment of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
Sun Gyo LimDepartment of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
Sung Jae ShinDepartment of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
Kee Myung LeeDepartment of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
Gil Ho LeeDepartment of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. micorie@hanmail.net.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7695-0828

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeSafe and effective sedation are important factors when performing gastrointestinal endoscopy. However, clinicians should be cautious when using sedatives in older patients because of their decreased physiological reserves. Remimazolam is an ultrashort active benzodiazepine that has attracted attention because of its efficacy. This study aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of remimazolam compared with midazolam as a sedative for diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in older patients aged ≥ 65 years.

methodsWe randomly assigned patients aged ≥ 65 years who were scheduled for diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The average induction time, average recovery time, and side effect profile of patients who received remimazolam as a sedative were compared with those of patients who received midazolam.

resultsA total of 120 patients underwent randomization (60 in the remimazolam group and 60 in the midazolam group). Patients who received remimazolam had shorter average induction (mean ± standard deviation, 102.0 ± 77.2 s vs. 327.5 ± 125.3 s, p < 0.001) and recovery times (mean ± standard deviation, 5.8 ± 3.1 min vs. 13.4 ± 7.8 min, p < 0.001) than those who received midazolam. No significant difference in side effect profiles was observed between the groups.

conclusionsIn performing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in older patients, remimazolam can be a good alternative sedative to midazolam, whether used as monotherapy or in combination therapy.

Indexed as

BenzodiazepinesEndoscopy, GastrointestinalHypnotics and SedativesMidazolamAgedAged, 80 and overAnesthesia Recovery PeriodFemaleHumansMaleBenzodiazepinesHypnotics and SedativesMidazolamremimazolamEfficacyMidazolamRemimazolamSafetyUpper gastrointestinal endoscopy

Identifiers

PMID41649570
PMCPMC12881106

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.