Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41649260›Full record

ArticleeLife2026

Heterochronic transcription factor expression drives cone-dominant retina development in 13-lined ground squirrels.

Kurt Weir, Pin Lyu, Sangeetha Kandoi, Roujin An, Nicole Pannullo, Isabella Palazzo, Jared A Tangeman, Jun Shi, Steven H DeVries, Dana K Merriman and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in eLife, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Kurt Weir *Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-9227
Pin Lyu *Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9996-826X
Sangeetha KandoiSolomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8346-8642
Roujin AnSolomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6689-9671
Nicole PannulloSolomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.
Isabella PalazzoSolomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.
Jared A TangemanSolomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0224-2893
Jun ShiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States.
Steven H DeVriesDepartment of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States.
Dana K MerrimanDepartment of Biology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, United States.
Jiang QianDepartment of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.
Seth BlackshawSolomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-8476

Funding

FUNCTION OF BASAL SYNAPSES AT PHOTORECEPTORSR01EY012141 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON · PI Steven H DeVries · 1999 to 2026
$8.5M
Developing Cone-Dominant Retinal Disease Models as a Resource for Translational Vision ResearchU24EY029891 · NEI · MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN · PI CARROLL, JOSEPH, DUNCAN, JACQUE LYNNE · 2018 to 2022
$6.6M
Identification of gene regulatory networks controlling temporal patterning in retinal progenitor cells and neurogenic Müller gliaR01EY036173 · NEI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Seth Blackshaw · 2024 to 2026
$2.0M
Identifying gene regulatory networks controlling photoreceptor specification by transcriptomic and epigenomic analysis of retinal development in cone-dominant retinaR21EY032281 · NEI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI BLACKSHAW, SETH · 2021 to 2022
$444k
Elucidating the gene regulatory networks that drive neural regenerationK00EY036684 · NEI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI TANGEMAN, JARED A · 2024 to 2024
$81k
Comparative Single Cell Profiling of Retinal DevelopmentF31EY031942 · NEI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI WEIR, KURT L · 2021 to 2022
$68k
BrightFocus Foundation M2023005FNEI NIH HHS F31 EY031942NEI NIH HHS F31EY031942NEI NIH HHS K00 EY036684NEI NIH HHS K00EY036684NEI NIH HHS R01 EY012141NEI NIH HHS R01EY012141NEI NIH HHS R01 EY036173NEI NIH HHS R21 EY032281NEI NIH HHS R21EY32281NEI NIH HHS U24 EY029891NEI NIH HHS U24EY029891
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Evolutionary adaptation to diurnal vision in ground squirrels has led to the development of a cone-dominant retina, in stark contrast to the rod-dominant retinas of most mammals. The molecular mechanisms driving this shift remain largely unexplored. Here, we perform single-cell RNA sequencing and chromatin accessibility profiling (scATAC-Seq) across developmental retinal neurogenesis in the 13-lined ground squirrel (13LGS) to uncover the regulatory basis of this adaptation. We find that 13LGS cone photoreceptors arise not only from early-stage neurogenic progenitors, as seen in rod-dominant species like mice, but also from late-stage neurogenic progenitors. This extended period of cone generation is driven by a heterochronic shift in transcription factor expression, with cone-promoting factors such as

Indexed as

RetinaRetinal Cone Photoreceptor CellsSciuridaeTranscription FactorsAnimalsCell DifferentiationGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalNeurogenesisTranscription Factors13-lined ground squirrelcell fatecone photoreceptordevelopmentdevelopmental biologyevolutionground squirrelmouseretina

Identifiers

PMID41649260
PMCPMC12880807

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.