ArticleThe American journal of sports medicine2026
Scapular Morphology and Posterior Shoulder Stability: Biomechanical Evidence From an Advanced Cadaveric Shoulder Simulator.
Article in The American journal of sports medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antero-inferior glenohumeral instability is associated with an abnormal position of the coracoid process.JSES international · 2026Article
- Correction of Static Posterior Shoulder Subluxation Through Correction of Acromial and Glenoid Deformities (SCOPE) Is Maintained at 5 Years: A Concise Follow-up of a Previous Report.JBJS case connector · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStatic posterior shoulder subluxation (SPSL) is associated with both glenoid retroversion and altered acromial morphology. Although abnormal glenoid anatomy has been considered a crucial etiological factor, the biomechanical role of acromial anatomy remains incompletely understood. HYPOTHESIS: Combined acromial and glenoid malalignment would produce greater posterior humeral head translation than either deformity alone, and targeted corrections could restore posterior stability. STUDY
designControlled laboratory study.
methodsSix fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders underwent testing in a 6 degrees of freedom, 8-muscle actuated ex vivo cadaveric simulator. Seven conditions were tested: (1) intact, (2) posterior labral detachment, (3) isolated glenoid malalignment (-15° retroversion), (4) isolated acromial malalignment (high/flat), (5) combined malalignment, (6) acromial malalignment + glenoid correction + posterior acromial bone graft (PABG), (7) combined malalignment + PABG. Humeral head translation was measured during forward flexion at 30°, 50°, and 70° of elevation and normalized to glenoid width. Statistical analysis used repeated-measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction.
resultsPosterior labral detachment showed minimal effect (1.3% ± 2.4% translation). On average, isolated glenoid malalignment increased posterior translation by 29%, whereas isolated acromial malalignment produced 31% posterior translation. Combined malalignment resulted in 54% posterior translation (
conclusionsGlenoid as well as acromial malalignment alone is associated with pathological posterior translation of the humeral head across the glenoid upon simulated active elevation. Combined acromial and glenoid malalignment produces significantly greater posterior translation than either deformity alone. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Complete anatomic correction of both deformities is necessary to restore normal posterior shoulder kinematics, supporting a comprehensive surgical approach for SPSL treatment.
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