Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41648262›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026

Memory erasure by dopamine-gated retrospective learning.

Huijeong Jeong, Leo Zsembik, Farah Farouq, Risha Chakraborty, Nishita Belur, Mingkang Zhou, Andrea D Sanders, Styra X Wang, Ananya Srinivasan, Sylvia M L Cox and 6 more

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Huijeong JeongDepartment of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1219-4191
Leo ZsembikNeuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2609-5637
Farah FarouqDepartment of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0009-0004-0750-6722
Risha ChakrabortyDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale University, CT, USA.
Nishita BelurDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Mingkang ZhouNeuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7551-7256
Andrea D SandersNeuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2726-6346
Styra X WangDepartment of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Ananya SrinivasanDepartment of Neuroscience, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Sylvia M L CoxDepartment of Psychiatry, McGill University, Québec, Canada.
Eric GarrDepartment of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5436-7305
Sara BrookeSolomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6108-6309
Patricia H JanakDepartment of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3333-9049
Marco LeytonDepartment of Psychiatry, McGill University, Québec, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-1243-2252
Ritchie ChenNeuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5985-8843
Vijay Mohan K NamboodiriDepartment of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6674-610X

Funding

Prospective and retrospective learning in orbitofrontal cortexR01MH129582 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Vijay Mohan K Namboodiri · 2022 to 2026
$2.2M
Orbitofrontal circuit mechanisms underlying alcohol use disorderR01AA029661 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Vijay Mohan K Namboodiri · 2022 to 2026
$2.0M
Network and circuit dynamics supporting dopaminergic control of sudden insight learningR01DA062018 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Mazen A Kheirbek, Vijay Mohan K Namboodiri · 2025 to 2026
$1.6M
NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA029661NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA062018NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH129582
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Erasing outdated memories is crucial for adaptive behavior. Yet once a cue-outcome association is learned, repeated cue exposure without outcome suppresses conditioned behavior without erasing the underlying memory. This allows rapid behavioral recovery when outcomes are reintroduced. Here, we confirm this limitation for standard "prospective extinction" protocols that present cues without the associated outcome, but show that true memory erasure is achieved by inverting the paradigm: presenting outcomes without associated cues, i.e., "retrospective extinction". We demonstrate that orbitofrontal cortex activity at outcome is necessary for the rapid behavioral recovery following prospective extinction, and that mesolimbic dopamine activity at outcome is necessary for retrospective extinction. These findings reconceptualize extinction mechanisms and suggest complementary strategies to mitigate relapse and erase maladaptive memories.

Identifiers

PMID41648262
PMCPMC12871728

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.