ReviewThe Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology2026
What's New in Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: Guidelines, Biologics, and Beyond.
Review in The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveWe aim to review current treatment strategies for cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) and highlight emerging therapies, evolving outcome measures, and practical considerations that may inform future management of this clinically heterogeneous disease.
methodsWe conducted a narrative review of the literature using PubMed to identify relevant clinical trials, observational studies, and mechanistic investigations related to CLE treatment. Emphasis was placed on studies published within the past 15 years. Expert opinion from dermatology and rheumatology was incorporated to contextualize evolving therapies and their application in clinical practice.
resultsCurrent management of CLE follows a stepwise framework, with antimalarials and immunosuppressants forming the foundation of systemic therapy. However, many patients experience refractory disease, especially in chronic or hypertrophic subtypes. Advances in the understanding of CLE pathogenesis have led to the development of targeted biologics and small molecule agents that modulate Type I interferon signaling, B- and T-cell activation, and inflammatory cytokine pathways. Novel tools such as Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index (CLASI-A) and the Investigator Global Assessment for Cutaneous Lupus (CLA-IGA-R) are being validated to standardize disease assessment, while RNA tape sampling and real-world electronic health record (EHR)-based algorithms are enhancing research precision. Emerging therapies, such as belimumab, anifrolumab, litifilimab, deucravacitinib, and enpatoran, demonstrate promise in both clinical trials and real-world settings. LIMITATIONS: As a narrative review, this study is limited by the lack of systematic inclusion criteria and formal quality assessment of individual studies.
conclusionOngoing therapeutic innovation, guided by mechanistic insights and strengthened by the development of standardized outcome measures, is transforming the CLE landscape and advancing the goal of precision-based, durable disease control.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41648089PMC12872224What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.