Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41647569›Full record

ArticleFundamental research2026

Exact simulation of classical heat engine cycles using single-ion phonon laser.

Q Yuan, J-Q Zhang, Y-Q Wei, S-Q Dai, P-D Li, J Li, T-H Cui, F Zhou, L Chen, J Lin and 1 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Fundamental research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Q YuanState Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
J-Q ZhangState Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
Y-Q WeiState Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
S-Q DaiState Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
P-D LiState Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
J LiResearch Center for Quantum Precision Measurement, Guangzhou Institute of Industrial Technology, Guangzhou 511458, China.
T-H CuiState Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
F ZhouState Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
L ChenState Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
J LinDepartment of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
M FengState Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Heat engines are essential devices in modern industry, converting heat energy into useful mechanical work via their working substances. Here we experimentally simulate the conventional heat engine by employing the vibrational mode of a single trapped ion as the working substance. In contrast to simply employing the ion in thermal motion, we consider coherently stimulating the ion's vibrational motion as the phonon laser, which helps acquire clearer results by effectively suppressing the thermal fluctuation. As such, we demonstrate in an exact and high signal-to-noise way the standard steps of both the Otto and Carnot cycles in a single ion, and compare their maximum efficiencies by monitoring the amplitude and frequency of the vibration. Our work witnesses an interesting single-atom thermal engine using coherently controlled phonons. It would be the smallest platform for simulating or demonstrating classical thermodynamic laws and phenomena at a single ion scale via optical manipulation techniques for phonon lasers.

Indexed as

Carnot cyclesDuffing oscillatorHeat engineNonlinear vibrational modeOtto cyclesPhonon laserThermodynamicsTrapped ions

Identifiers

PMID41647569
PMCPMC12869772

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.