ArticlePrecision clinical medicine2026
Antibiotic exposure impairs the efficacy of first-line chemoimmunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer through the regulation of gut microbiome and bile acid metabolism.
Article in Precision clinical medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The lung-gut-brain axis in non-small-cell lung cancer: a narrative review with a systematic search of three signaling pathways.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Antibiotic-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and bile acid metabolism: implications for intestinal health, immune regulation, and disease susceptibility.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: Previous antibiotic therapy is acknowledged to potentially reduce the efficacy of single-agent immune checkpoint inhibitors. Nevertheless, the impact of antibiotics on the results for patients undergoing chemoimmunotherapy remains unclear. This research investigated the influence of antibiotic treatment on the effectiveness of chemoimmunotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: We recorded the characteristics of patients with advanced NSCLC and assessed potential associations between the use of antibiotics and the efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy. A mouse model using Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cell lines was developed to assess the effects of antibiotics on the gut microbiome and metabolites. Fecal samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) methods. Mouse fecal and serum samples and 16 human stool samples were used to validate the identified differentially metabolites. Deoxycholic acid (DCA) was further applied to a LLC mouse model. Results: This study included 387 NSCLC patients, among whom 86 patients had used antibiotics within the 30 days before the first cycle of chemoimmunotherapy (ATB group), and 301 patients had not used antibiotics (non-ATB group). Notable discrepancies were observed in overall survival and progression-free survival between the two groups, with overall survival recorded at 18.4 months versus 32.0 months, and progression-free survival at 7.6 months versus 13.0 months, in the ATB and non-ATB groups respectively. At the phylum level, the relative abundances of Conclusions: Antibiotic exposure is associated with decreased efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy in patients with NSCLC via dysregulation of the gut microbiome and DCA metabolism.
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