Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41647437›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2025

Veterinarians' attitudes, knowledge, and practices about antibiotic use in animals: questionnaire design and reliability.

Ana Filipa Pereira, Leonardo de Rago, Jacinta Oliveira Pinho, Ana Isabel Plácido, Adolfo Figueiras, Fátima Roque, Maria Teresa Herdeiro, Ana Cláudia Coelho, Paula Alexandra Oliveira

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Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Ana Filipa PereiraDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
Leonardo de RagoDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
Jacinta Oliveira PinhoDepartment of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal.
Ana Isabel PlácidoBRIDGES - Biotechnology Research, Innovation and Design for Health Products, Polytechnic University of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal.
Adolfo FigueirasDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Fátima RoqueBRIDGES - Biotechnology Research, Innovation and Design for Health Products, Polytechnic University of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal.
Maria Teresa HerdeiroDepartment of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal.
Ana Cláudia CoelhoDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
Paula Alexandra OliveiraDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health concern that requires a One Health approach. The role of veterinarians in promoting antimicrobial stewardship is essential for successful mitigation of AMR. Objective: This study aimed to design a self-administered questionnaire and evaluate its reliability as a tool to assess veterinarians' knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes regarding AMR and antibiotic prescription and use in animals. Methods: The questionnaire was developed based on a comprehensive review of relevant literature and by employing collective intelligence methodologies, including focus groups with veterinarians and pharmacists. For the pilot study, veterinarians working in the Northern region of Portugal were recruited. A test-retest was conducted with a 4-week interval. Reproducibility was determined with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC; 95% confidence interval) and internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's alpha. Results: In total, 31 (out of 34) veterinarians completed the retest phase of the study. Four sections with scale-items were assessed for reliability, with ICC values ranging from 0.10 ( Conclusion: The developed questionnaire is a reliable instrument capable of capturing veterinarians' knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes on AMR and antibiotic use.

Indexed as

antibiotic stewardshipantimicrobial resistanceOne Healthquestionnaire designquestionnaire reliabilityveterinarians

Identifiers

PMID41647437
PMCPMC12867803

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.