Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41647311›Full record

ReviewEngineering in life sciences2026

What Is a Biosensor?-A Terminological Guide From Biomolecular Recognition to Bioindicators.

Tim E Weber, Anna Fritschen, Menno W J Prins, Andreas Blaeser

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Engineering in life sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Tim E WeberBioMedical Printing Technology Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany.
Anna FritschenBioMedical Printing Technology Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany.
Menno W J PrinsDepartment of Biomedical Engineering Department of Applied Physics and Science Education Institute For Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS) Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands.
Andreas BlaeserBioMedical Printing Technology Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Biosensors are an integral part of modern medicine, are used in basic research, and are increasingly used by consumers as point-of-care and wearable devices. Meanwhile, the underlying technological approaches are rapidly expanding, including spectroscopic sensing, artificial bioreceptors, synthetic biological approaches, whole-cell biosensors, and artificial intelligence. With these diversifications in applications as well as technology, the scope and meaning of the term biosensor is blurring. This paper attempts to give an overview of the sensing approaches, with their physical, chemical, biochemical, and biological principles, and an overview of the fields of application, including nonliving systems and living systems. This leads to a comprehensive overview and a reappreciation of the term biosensor, including not only devices with a molecular biorecognition element and physico-chemical readout but also the sensing of living biological systems using physical and chemical methods, and the use of living biological systems for sensing purposes.

Indexed as

biomolecular sensorbiosensorchemical biosensorclassificationphysical biosensor

Identifiers

PMID41647311
PMCPMC12871561

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.