ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2025
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms in children and adults: a comparative review.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Epigenetic Dysregulation of Somatostatin Receptors (SSTR) 1-5 and Therapeutic Implications in Neuroendocrine and Non-Neuroendocrine Malignancies.International journal of cancer · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEPNENs) represent a biologically heterogeneous tumor group that is increasingly recognized in adults but remains exceptionally rare in children. While adult management is guided by evidence-based recommendations, pediatric practice relies mainly on registry data and extrapolation. A direct comparison is needed to identify shared principles, highlight divergences, and define research priorities. Methods: We performed a structured literature review of pediatric GEPNENs (pancreatic, gastrointestinal [excluding appendix], and neuroendocrine neoplasms of unknown primary) and contrasted these findings with adult guidelines (ENETS 2023-2024, ESMO 2020-2024, ASCO 2023, NANETS 2018-2023) and pivotal clinical trials. Domains analyzed included epidemiology, clinical presentation, histological and molecular characteristics, treatment strategies, outcomes, and guideline frameworks. Results: Pediatric GEPNENs are strongly enriched for hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes (MEN1, VHL, NF1, TSC) and show a predominance of well-differentiated NET G1-G2. In contrast, adults exhibit the full spectrum of NET G1-3 and NEC G3. Somatostatin receptor (SSTR) expression is frequent in both pediatric and adult NETs, supporting the use of somatostatin analogues (SSAs) and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) in advanced disease; SSTR expression declines with increasing grade. Surgical resection remains the only curative option in both populations, with pediatric practice prioritizing organ preservation and minimization of late effects. In adults, systemic therapy sequencing is structured by randomized trials, whereas pediatric use of systemic therapies is adapted case-by-case, with emerging but still limited evidence. Survival in localized pediatric NETs exceeds 90%, but remains poor in metastatic and high-grade disease, similar to adults. Conclusions: Although histological frameworks are shared, pediatric GEPNENs differ from adult disease in genetics, site distribution, functional status, and survivorship challenges. Adult evidence may be cautiously adapted to pediatrics, but pediatric-specific guidelines and collaborative research are urgently needed to address unique biological and clinical features and to harmonize long-term care.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.