Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41646727›Full record

ArticlemedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2026

Serum S100A8/S100A9 is associated with increased risk of brain metastasis in patients with inflammatory breast cancer.

Emilly S Villodre, Juhee Song, Xiaoding Hu, Kristen Gomez, Evan N Cohen, James M Reuben, Azadeh Nasrazadani, Bora Lim, MDACC Inflammatory Breast Cancer Team, Debu Tripathy and 3 more

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Emilly S VillodreDepartment of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX.ORCID 0000-0002-3092-7013
Juhee SongDepartment of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX.
Xiaoding HuDepartment of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX.
Kristen GomezDepartment of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Brownsville, TX, USA.
Evan N CohenDepartment of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX.
James M ReubenDepartment of Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Clinic and Research Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX.
Azadeh NasrazadaniDepartment of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX.
Bora LimDepartment of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX.
MDACC Inflammatory Breast Cancer Team
Debu TripathyDepartment of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX.
Wendy A WoodwardDepartment of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX.
Savitri KrishnamurthyDepartment of Pathology, and The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX.
Bisrat G DebebDepartment of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX.

Funding

Tumor Evolution and Metastasis ProgramP30CA016672 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI Scott Kopetz · 1985 to 2026
$290.8M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA016672
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare and highly aggressive form of breast cancer with an increased propensity to metastasize to distant organs including the brain. Higher serum levels of the calcium-binding proteins S100A8/A9, particularly of S100A9, have emerged as a clinically and biologically significant factor in aggressive breast cancers that are associated with poorer prognosis, tumor progression, and resistance to therapy. However, its contribution in IBC specifically remains undefined. Here, we investigated whether serum levels of S100A8/A9 predict outcomes in patients with IBC. Methods: Serum S100A8/A9 levels were measured in a cohort of 304 IBC patients using ELISA assay. S100A8/A9 levels were categorized by their third quartile value (S100A8/A9-low ≤ 3 Results: The median follow-up time was 64 months. Forty-six percent of patients had estrogen receptor (ER)-negative tumors, 61.3% were stage III-IV, 77% high grade, 16.8% received adjuvant chemotherapy and 53.6% received adjuvant radiation. On univariate analysis, S100A8/A9 levels, disease stage, ER status, PR status, HER2 status, adjuvant chemotherapy, and adjuvant radiation therapy were significantly associated with OS and BCSS. Patients with high S100A8/A9 serum levels had poor OS ( Conclusions: In patients with IBC, high serum levels of S100A8/A9 are an independent prognostic factor for brain metastasis and poor clinical outcomes. These findings support the potential of S100A8/A9 as predictive biomarker for identifying increased risk of brain metastasis and unfavorable prognosis in patients with IBC.

Identifiers

PMID41646727
PMCPMC12870546

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