Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41646586›Full record

ReviewCureus2026

The Global Epidemiology of Antimicrobial Resistance: Trends, Determinants, and Public Health Implications.

Saud Lafi Oudah Alenzi, Ali Hedayan Alharthi, Raad Awwadh Alnefaie, Abdulaziz Alzahrani, Osama Alsaadi, Abdulaziz Naif Mohammed Albugami, Khalid Mohammed Alhusini, Foz Salem Alanazi, Fahad Hamdi Khalif ALAnazi, Alaa Abduljabber Alkhayyat

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Saud Lafi Oudah AlenziDepartment of Pharmaceutical Care, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU.
Ali Hedayan AlharthiDepartment of Medical Committee, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU.
Raad Awwadh AlnefaieDepartment of Medical Committee, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU.
Abdulaziz AlzahraniDepartment of Medical Laboratory, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU.
Osama AlsaadiDepartment of Medical Laboratory, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU.
Abdulaziz Naif Mohammed AlbugamiDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Taif, SAU.
Khalid Mohammed AlhusiniDepartment of Cardiac Cath Lab, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU.
Foz Salem AlanaziDepartment of Cardiac Cath Lab, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU.
Fahad Hamdi Khalif ALAnaziDepartment of Nursing, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU.
Alaa Abduljabber AlkhayyatDepartment of Healthcare Technology Management, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the most pressing global health and development challenges of the twenty-first century, threatening the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapies and undermining the clinical management of infectious diseases worldwide. The increasing prevalence of resistant pathogens undermines progress in disease control, surgery, and critical care, and poses severe socioeconomic and public health consequences. This narrative review synthesizes multidisciplinary evidence to examine the global trends, determinants, and implications of AMR through an integrated One Health framework encompassing human, animal, and environmental systems. The review draws upon peer-reviewed literature, international surveillance data, and policy reports published between 2015 and 2025 to provide a comprehensive understanding of resistance patterns and drivers. Findings reveal that resistance arises from an interplay of inappropriate antimicrobial use, insufficient infection prevention, environmental contamination, and weak governance, with the heaviest burden in low- and middle-income countries. Despite global action plans and stewardship initiatives, progress remains constrained by inequitable resources, limited diagnostics, and fragmented implementation. Strengthening surveillance systems, fostering responsible antimicrobial use, promoting research and vaccine development, and embedding One Health principles in policy are vital to reversing current trends. Coordinated global action, equitable investment, and sustained political commitment are essential to preserve antimicrobial efficacy and ensure the resilience of health systems worldwide.

Indexed as

: antimicrobial resistanceepidemiologyglobal healthone healthpublic health policy

Identifiers

PMID41646586
PMCPMC12869091

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.