Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41646554›Full record

ArticleCureus2026

A Lyme Neuroborreliosis Case Presenting With Ophthalmoplegia, Dysarthria, and Spastic Quadriparesis.

Maria Sklirou, Mohammad Aboulwafaali, Anusha Karunasagar, Sharmilee Gnanapavan, Ganesh Arunachalam

Abstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph

Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Maria SklirouIntegrative Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow, GBR.
Mohammad AboulwafaaliNeurology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow, GBR.
Anusha KarunasagarMicrobiology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow, GBR.
Sharmilee GnanapavanNeurology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow, GBR.
Ganesh ArunachalamGeriatrics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow, GBR.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) represents the neurological manifestation of Lyme disease and is the most common form of disseminated Lyme infection in Europe. Central nervous system involvement in LNB includes cranial neuritis, meningitis, radiculoneuritis, encephalitis, and encephalomyelitis with quadriparesis. We report a patient presenting with complex ophthalmoplegia, speech impairment, and spastic quadriparesis. The neurological weakness initially followed an ascending pattern suggestive of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed lymphocytic pleocytosis, and serum testing showed positivity for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to Borrelia P39 and variable major protein-like sequence expressed (VlsE) antigens. IgG and immunoglobulin M (IgM) immunoblots were also positive. The patient was initially treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for presumed GBS and subsequently received antibiotics following CSF findings indicative of central nervous system infection, with subsequent neurological improvement. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of LNB and underscores the importance of thorough evaluation of clinical history, neurological examination, and laboratory investigations to achieve diagnostic accuracy.

Indexed as

csf lymphocytosisguillain barre syndrome (gbs)intravenous immunoglobulins (ivig)lyme neuroborreliosisspastic quadriparesis

Identifiers

PMID41646554
PMCPMC12870907

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.