Gendered effects of climate change and health inequities among forcibly displaced populations: Displaced Rohingya women foster resilience through technology.

Climate change interacts with social and biological factors to exacerbate the vulnerabilities and health inequities of people in displacement, with particularly severe implications for women and girls. In 2022, over 100 million people -1 in every 78 people in the world - were forced to flee their homes to a location within or beyond their country's borders, due to climatic or other man-made catastrophes. Most displaced people are housed in communities already experiencing climatic stress, exacerbating the risk of water insecurity, food insecurity, disease, struggles over resources, marginalization, and conflict between host and displaced populations. Amid the social upheaval caused by displacement, we call for a gendered approach to fostering resilience, with a particular emphasis on women. In this perspective piece, we advocate for policy and program changes that respond to the unique challenges and circumstances of displaced women and locally derived solutions that promote resilience. We start by providing an overview of health inequities during displacement, exacerbated by climate change, and then examine how gender interacts with displacement to shape women's health and wellbeing. We close with an illustrative example of Rohingya women displaced in Bangladesh who have adapted technology to combat climate change and mitigate social and health inequities to build resilience, even under severe restrictions. Gender-informed research on health, climate change, and resilience in contexts of humanitarian disasters and mass population displacement can elucidate the effectiveness of culturally- and contextually- specific interventions over the short- and long-term.