ArticleResearch square2026
The average does not represent the individual: White matter variability across the brain, across the population, and across the lifespan.
Article in Research square, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Inter-individual differences in brain anatomy are often treated as noise, yet may encode meaningful principles of organisation. Using >2,800 diffusion MRI scans spanning 0-100 years, we quantified spatial, microstructural and macrostructural variability across 64 major white-matter pathways. Variability is not random: spatial organisation follows a deep-to-superficial gradient, and variability across individuals shows a convergence-divergence profile, decreasing in early development and increasing in ageing. Microstructural and macrostructural features exhibit distinct trajectories and hemispheric asymmetries. Importantly, tract variability relates to individual differences in behaviour, most strongly during development. These results redefine white-matter variability as a structured, developmentally dynamic, lifespan-dependent feature of brain organisation and provide a foundation for normative modelling and precision neuroscience.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.