Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41646352›Full record

ArticleResearch square2026

Cervical Cancer Screening Rates and Associated Sociodemographic and Behavioral Factors among People Experiencing Homelessness in Indiana.

Natalia M Rodriguez, Xue Case, Lara Balian, Rebecca Ziolkowski, Kalesia Smith, Janelle Tipton

Abstract readPreprint
In one paragraph

Article in Research square, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Natalia M RodriguezPurdue University.
Xue CasePurdue University.
Lara BalianPurdue University.
Rebecca ZiolkowskiPurdue University.
Kalesia SmithPurdue University.
Janelle TiptonPurdue University.

Funding

Addressing Cervical Cancer Disparities Among People Experiencing HomelessnessDP2MD019356 · NIMHD · PURDUE UNIVERSITY · PI Natalia Maria Rodriguez · 2023 to 2026
$2.3M
NIMHD NIH HHS DP2 MD019356
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: To estimate cervical cancer screening rates, prevalence of risk factors, and factors associated with being overdue for screening among people experiencing homelessness in two Indiana cities. Methods: Rapid assessment surveys were conducted at two large homelessness service agencies in Indianapolis and Lafayette, Indiana (November 2023 to November 2024). Participants were aged 21-69 years, assigned female at birth, and currently experiencing homelessness. Screening status was categorized as up-to-date (screened within 5 years) or overdue (more than 5 years or never screened). Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression examined predictors of being overdue. Results: Among n = 212 participants, 35% were overdue and 49% had not been screened within 3 years. Prevalence of risk factors was high, including smoking (74%), sexual debut before age 18 (73%), and no HPV vaccination (75%). Older age and having experienced homelessness for 5 years or more were associated with higher odds of being overdue. Conclusions: Longer duration of homelessness significantly increased the likelihood of being overdue for cervical cancer screening, underscoring the cumulative disadvantage of chronic housing instability. Cervical cancer prevention is a critical unmet need among women experiencing homelessness, and findings highlight the importance of developing targeted interventions to improve screening access in this population.

Indexed as

cervical cancerhomelessnesspreventionrisk factorsscreening

Identifiers

PMID41646352
PMCPMC12869572

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.