ArticleResearch square2026
The adult nasal mucosa is defined by distinct immune profiles that modulate in-vitro SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article in Research square, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: The nasal mucosa is the primary entry site for many respiratory viruses, and immune molecules present at the time of exposure may dictate if infection occurs. However, the baseline immune state in healthy adults - and how it influences susceptibility to viruses - remains poorly defined. Methods: Levels of 16 immune molecules were measured in nasal secretions from two independent cohorts of healthy adults (total n = 166, Luminex). Participants were clustered based on normalized concentrations of immune analytes to identify profiles. An Results: In both cohorts, a unique cluster was observed, characterized by distinctly high levels of antiviral interferons - particularly IFN-λ3 - with comparatively low levels of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines. In contrast, individuals with high overall levels of inflammatory mediators had absent IFN-λ3. Conclusions: Healthy adults exhibit distinct nasal immune profiles, with an IFN-λ3-dominant, low-inflammatory state conferring resistance to SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. The nasal immune milieu may influence susceptibility to respiratory viruses and the efficacy of mucosally administered vaccines.
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