Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41646330›Full record

ArticleResearch square2026

Itaconate-based nanoparticles induce immunometabolic reprogramming in macrophages and alleviate diet-induced obesity.

Andrea L Cottingham, Neda Mohaghegh, Sara M Kolhatkar, Fanny Xu, Shruti Dharmaraj, Jacob R Shaw, Sanmoy Pathak, Victor Andrade, Yan Shu, Abhinav P Acharya and 2 more

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Research square, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Andrea L CottinghamDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, US.ORCID 0000-0001-9067-2537
Neda MohagheghTerasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 91367 USA.
Sara M KolhatkarDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, US.
Fanny XuDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, US.
Shruti DharmarajDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, US.
Jacob R ShawDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, US.
Sanmoy PathakCase Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
Victor AndradeDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, US.
Yan ShuDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, US.
Abhinav P AcharyaCase Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
Alireza Hassani NajafabadiDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cincinnati James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA.
Ryan M PearsonDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, US.ORCID 0000-0002-7857-0973

Funding

UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND GREENEBAUM CANCER CENTERSUPPORT GRANTP30CA134274 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI FEYRUZ VIRGILIA RASSOOL · 2008 to 2026
$51.0M
Polymeric nanoassemblies for precise tuning of immune responses (Supplement for Equipment Purchase)R35GM142752 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI PEARSON, RYAN MATTHEW · 2021 to 2025
$2.1M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA134274NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM142752
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Obesity is driven by chronic adipose tissue inflammation and macrophage dysfunction. Here, we report a cargo-free nanoparticle (NP) platform derived from itaconate-based polyesters (pITA-NPs) that reprograms macrophage immunometabolism and alleviates diet-induced obesity. pITA-NPs rapidly induce CD206 presentation through a translationally independent mechanism and drive a non-canonical M2-like transcriptional and metabolic state distinct from IL-4/STAT6 polarization, while restraining inflammatory activation and macrophage-adipocyte crosstalk to reduce lipid accumulation. Bioenergetic profiling revealed context-dependent metabolic tuning, with pITA-NPs promoting an M2-like metabolic transition in resting macrophages characterized by increased mitochondrial mass and oxidative phosphorylation, while inducing a metabolically restrained, quiescent-like state in M1-like macrophages. In obese mice, subcutaneous pITA-NP treatment suppresses weight gain, reduces adiposity, promotes adipose tissue beiging and brown fat activation, and mitigates systemic inflammatory responses. Together, these findings establish pITA-NPs as an effective immunometabolic nanotherapy that leverages materials-driven macrophage reprogramming and coordinates immune and metabolic regulation to treat obesity.

Indexed as

Adipose tissueInflammationMacrophage polarizationMetabolismMitochondriaNanoparticleObesityThermogenesis

Identifiers

PMID41646330
PMCPMC12869555

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.