Planetary health ethics: A Confucian alternative.

Planetary health acknowledges that the disruptions and deterioration of natural systems pose a significant and pressing threat to human beings and the interconnected network of life. The perceived dichotomy between anthropocentrism and ecocentrism is a human construct that reflects the binary thinking that has dominated Western philosophy. The anthropocosmic perspective of Confucian ethics highlights the interdependence between humans, their communities, the environment, and the cosmos, emphasizing that environmental well-being is vital to personal health and wellness. Confucianism also asserts that humans are a product of nature and should embody the principles of life and growth to become compassionate individuals in harmony with the universe. Consequently, human existence is inherently tied to nature, and the deterioration of the environment eventually harms humanity. A Confucian planetary health ethic prioritizes the concept of humanity's oneness with all things. Given that the Earth system now experiences less stable patterns than before, humans must assume accountability for anthropogenic climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss. We must begin to appreciate that the rest of the biosphere is closely linked to our physical body.