Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41645583›Full record

ArticleThe Laryngoscope2026

Infracordal Stenosis: A Glucocorticoid-Responsive Subtype of Autoimmune Laryngotracheal Stenosis.

Brendan Denvir, Bridget Burgess, Kevin Motz, Simon R A Best, Lee M Akst, Brendan Antiochos, Philip Seo, Alexander T Hillel

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Laryngoscope, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Brendan DenvirDepartment of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0009-0007-1911-8120
Bridget BurgessDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4590-4455
Kevin MotzDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9255-7265
Simon R A BestDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8699-033X
Lee M AkstDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8925-0545
Brendan AntiochosDepartment of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Philip SeoDepartment of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Alexander T HillelDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8471-5449

Funding

Sample Processing and Immunoassay Research CoreP30AR070254 · NIAMS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Antony Rosen · 2016 to 2026
$8.9M
Multidisciplinary Rheumatology Training ProgramT32AR048522 · NIAMS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI CLIFTON O BINGHAM, LIVIA A CASCIOLA-ROSEN · 2003 to 2026
$6.4M
Targeting mTOR regulation of T-lymphocytes and fibroblasts in Laryngotracheal StenosisR01DC018567 · NIDCD · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI HILLEL, ALEXANDER · 2020 to 2024
$3.8M
Harnessing multivariate patient- and population-level disease trajectories to predict major clinical events in sclerodermaK24AR080217 · NIAMS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Ami Aalok Shah · 2022 to 2026
$847k
NIAMS NIH HHS K24 AR080217NIAMS NIH HHS P30 AR070254NIAMS NIH HHS T32 AR048522NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC018567
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveAs our understanding of autoimmune laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) evolves, distinguishing patients who may benefit from systemic immunosuppression versus those needing only local treatment is increasingly important. In this study, we identify a distinct subset of autoimmune LTS characterized by edema of the inferior true vocal folds that extends to the superior aspect of the cricoid cartilage, termed "infracordal stenosis." The objective of this study is to characterize the clinical presentation and treatment outcomes of infracordal stenosis and compare it to typical autoimmune-related subglottic stenosis (AI-SGS).

methodsWe conducted a retrospective review of patients with autoimmune laryngotracheal stenosis evaluated by both rheumatology and otolaryngology at our institution to identify two groups: patients with infracordal stenosis and those with typical AI-SGS. Data on immunosuppressive treatments and airway dilation procedures were collected. Time to first dilation was compared between groups.

resultsAmong 49 patients with autoimmune LTS, 11 had infracordal involvement. Six patients had isolated infracordal stenosis while five had concomitant subglottic involvement. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed longer time to first dilation in patients with infracordal involvement (median 792 vs. 44 days; p = 0.048). Four out of six patients with isolated infracordal stenosis required no dilations during their entire follow-up period.

conclusionAmong autoimmune LTS patients referred to rheumatology, those with infracordal involvement experienced longer time to first dilation compared to those with typical AI-SGS. These findings suggest that infracordal stenosis may represent a distinct, glucocorticoid-responsive phenotype within autoimmune laryngotracheal stenosis, with implications for treatment selection and multidisciplinary care. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4:

Indexed as

Autoimmune DiseasesGlucocorticoidsLaryngostenosisTracheal StenosisAdultAgedFemaleHumansImmunosuppressive AgentsMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesTreatment OutcomeGlucocorticoidsImmunosuppressive Agentsglucocorticoidsgranulomatosis with polyangiitissubglottic stenosis

Identifiers

PMID41645583
PMCPMC13181839

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.