Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41645456›Full record

ArticleAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)2026

Breaking the 2-nm Barrier in Hard Disk Drives Using Monolayer Amorphous Carbon Overcoats.

Hongji Zhang, Artem K Grebenko, Dmitrii Litvinov, Wenwen Zheng, Konstantin V Iakoubovskii, Sergey Y Grebenchuk, Anna Makarova, Alexander Fedorov, Andrei Starkov, Carlo M Orofeo and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Hongji ZhangDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Artem K GrebenkoDepartment of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Dmitrii LitvinovDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Wenwen ZhengDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Konstantin V IakoubovskiiDepartment of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Sergey Y GrebenchukInstitute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Anna MakarovaHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Berlin, Germany.
Alexander FedorovHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Berlin, Germany.
Andrei StarkovInstitute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Carlo M OrofeoDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Denis V VyalikhDonostia International Physics Center (DIPC) Donostia-San, Sebastián, Spain.
Mario LanzaDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Maciej KoperskiDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Kostya S NovoselovDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Chee-Tat TohDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Barbaros ӦzyilmazDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7665-4578

Funding

Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Office of Naval Research Global FA8655-21-1-7026Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials EDUNC-33-18-279-V12Ministry of Education, Singapore T2EP50122-0012National Research Foundation NRF-CRP22-2019-008National Research Foundation : NRF-F-CRP-2024-0010Space Technology Development Programme S22-19013-STDP
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) has increased the demand for large-scale data storage, making hard disk drives (HDDs) indispensable in data centers due to their cost-effectiveness and stability. To support AI-driven data requirements, increasing the areal storage density is critical. However, this metric is increasingly constrained by the carbon overcoat (COC), the essential protective layer for magnetic media. Traditional diamond-like carbon (DLC) can no longer fulfill the stringent demands for ultrathin coatings and high thermal stability required by next-generation technologies like Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording (HAMR) and bit-patterned media. Here, we introduce monolayer amorphous carbon (MAC) as a superior alternative. MAC is directly grown on the heterogeneous (Fe, Pt, SiO

Indexed as

2D materialamorphous carboncarbon overcoathard disk device

Identifiers

PMID41645456
PMCPMC12983418

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.