ArticleJournal of health, population, and nutrition2026
Epigenetic age and cardiometabolic disease in Guatemalan adults: a cross-sectional analysis.
Article in Journal of health, population, and nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Epigenetic Age Acceleration as a Modifiable Public Health Target: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Environmental, Behavioral, and Social Determinants with Development of the MEAB-Index.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEpigenetic clocks, biomarkers of aging, show older biological ages among individuals with cardiometabolic disease. Epigenetic age acceleration, often calculated as the residuals from regressing epigenetic age on chronological age, reflects when an individual's biological age is older or younger than expected. Most clocks were developed and validated in Western populations. This study examined associations of epigenetic age acceleration with obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome among Guatemalan adults.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from participants in the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP) Nutritional Supplementation Trial Cohort. DNA methylation (DNAm) was assessed in buffy coat samples using the MethylationEPIC v2 array and standard quality control procedures. Epigenetic age was quantified using DunedinPACE, PhenoAge, and GrimAge. Linear regression models were used to assess associations of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome with epigenetic age acceleration. Dependent variables were DunedinPACE values and PhenoAge and GrimAge residuals. Covariates included sex, birth year, and a clustering variable to account for sibships.
resultsWe analyzed data from 1,095 adults (mean age 45 y; 60.3% female; 73.3% overweight or obese; 37.8% with hypertension; 15.4% with diabetes; 66.9% with metabolic syndrome). DunedinPACE (mean 1.2, SD 0.1), PhenoAge (mean 46.7, SD 6.7) and GrimAge (mean 56.3, SD 4.1) all indicate accelerated biological aging. Pearson correlations among the clocks were ≥ 0.5. DunedinPACE and PhenoAge indicated age acceleration among women (DunedinPACE β = 0.04; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.05; PhenoAge β = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.28, 1.60) whereas GrimAge suggested age acceleration among men (β= - 1.02; 95% CI: - 1.31, - 0.72). All three clocks showed accelerated aging among individuals with diabetes (DunedinPACE β = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.10; PhenoAge β = 2.69; 95% CI: 1.63, 3.74; GrimAge β = 1.18; 95% CI: 0.71, 1.65). DunedinPACE indicated a faster rate of aging across all cardiometabolic conditions examined, whereas the strength and consistency of associations for PhenoAge and GrimAge varied by condition.
conclusionsWe observed consistent associations of accelerated DunedinPACE with multiple cardiometabolic conditions. All epigenetic clocks showed associations of epigenetic age acceleration with diabetes. These findings emphasize the need for longitudinal analyses to determine the direction and causality of these relationships.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.