Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41645037›Full record

ArticleGut microbes2026

Induction of DNA-mediated immune responses by bacterial extracellular vesicles results in control of murine norovirus infection.

Guanqi Zhao, Chanel A Mosby-Tourtellot, Javier Rosero, Alexander C Schultz, Elsa Khan, Othmane Elamrani, Mariola J Ferraro, Peter E Kima, Melissa K Jones

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Gut microbes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Guanqi ZhaoMicrobiology and Cell Science Department, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7364-7882
Chanel A Mosby-TourtellotMicrobiology and Cell Science Department, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5848-5229
Javier RoseroMicrobiology and Cell Science Department, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Alexander C SchultzMicrobiology and Cell Science Department, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Elsa KhanMicrobiology and Cell Science Department, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Othmane ElamraniMicrobiology and Cell Science Department, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Mariola J FerraroMicrobiology and Cell Science Department, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0459-7716
Peter E KimaMicrobiology and Cell Science Department, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0390-0509
Melissa K JonesMicrobiology and Cell Science Department, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7093-2351

Funding

The impact of human norovirus interactions on commensal bacteriaR21AI140012 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI JONES, MELISSA K · 2019 to 2020
$400k
NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI140012USDA-NIFA HATCH PROJECT 006317USDA-NIFA HATCH PROJECT 1015632
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Commensal bacteria have been a centerpiece for understanding interkingdom impacts on viral replication. Multiple groups have investigated the roles commensal bacteria played in regulating enteric virus infection and it has been found that the mechanisms through which this regulation occurs varies between the viruses and bacteria explored. For noroviruses, commensal bacteria enhance or suppress viral infection in a region-dependent manner. Recently, it was found that the extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by commensal bacteria can suppress norovirus infection. In this study, we used murine norovirus (MNV) to probe the immunological mechanisms induced by bacterial EVs. Global analysis of gene expression pointed to induction of cytosolic DNA pathways; thus, we evaluate the DNA content packaged within the bacterial EVs and DNA-sensing pathways that activate type I interferons (IFN), including STING and TLR9. Our results showed that loss of

Indexed as

BacteriaCaliciviridae InfectionsExtracellular VesiclesNorovirusAnimalsInnate Immunity RecognitionInterferon-betaInterferon Type IMembrane ProteinsMiceMice, Inbred C57BLSTING ProteinToll-Like Receptor 9Virus ReplicationInterferon-betaInterferon Type IMembrane ProteinsSting1 protein, mouseSTING ProteinTlr9 protein, mouseToll-Like Receptor 9bacterial extracellular vesiclesBacteroides thetaiotaomicroncommensal bacteriaEnterobacter cloacaeinnate immunitymacrophagemicrobiomemurine norovirusNorovirusSTINGTLR9viral pathogenesis

Identifiers

PMID41645037
PMCPMC12885434

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.