ArticlePediatric research2026
Cardiorespiratory phase synchronization maturational trajectory: biomarker of autonomic nervous system development in preterm infants.
Article in Pediatric research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCardiorespiratory coupling (cardiovascular-respiratory interactions) is a marker of autonomic nervous system function and maturation. We hypothesize that differences in autonomic maturation are associated with disparate outcomes of premature infants.
methodsWe collected continuous bedside cardiorespiratory data from birth to 40 weeks post-menstrual age (PMA) for 191 preterm infants born between 23-0/7 weeks to 28-6/7 weeks of gestation. Using the respiratory and ECG wave forms, we calculated cardiorespiratory phase synchronization (CRPS) as a measure of cardiorespiratory coupling. Using linear mixed effects modeling, we studied the trajectory of CRPS as a function of PMA and chronological age (CA) and any difference between groups separated by discharge status, respiratory outcome and neurological outcomes at the 40th week PMA, and different gestational ages.
resultsCRPS showed a decline reaching a nadir at approximately 3 weeks of age followed by a gradual increase toward term. The infants born at later GA showed higher values and steeper increases than infants of lower GA. Contrary to our hypothesis, the trajectory of the increase was similar regardless of outcome assessed.
conclusionAutonomic maturation following preterm birth shows a fixed predictable pattern that appears to be independent of respiratory or neurologic outcomes or clinicians' assessment of readiness for discharge. IMPACT: Cardiorespiratory phase synchronization (CRPS) trajectories, a marker of autonomic nervous system functio is provided for 175 extremely preterm infants across post-menstrual age (PMA) and chronological age (CA). CRPS initially declines but subsequently increases with advancing PMA and CA, irrespective of discharge status and respiratory and neurological outcomes at 40 weeks PMA. At all CAs after the initial decrease, CRPS was higher for infants born at 27-28 weeks compared to those born earlier.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.