Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41644731›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Strength and microstructural behaviour of sand Kaolin mixtures stabilized with terrazyme and Xanthan gum.

Geethu Thomas, Ripsa Rani Nayak, Navneet Kumar Gupta, Gali Madhavi Latha

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Geethu ThomasDepartment of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India. toms88geethu@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4039-2606
Ripsa Rani NayakCentre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
Navneet Kumar GuptaCentre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India. nkgupta@iisc.ac.in.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4204-4680
Gali Madhavi LathaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.

Funding

Science and Engineering Research Board SP/SERB-22-0108
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study evaluates the efficacy of TerraZyme (bioenzyme) and Xanthan Gum (biopolymer) in improving the mechanical behavior of Sand-Kaolin mixtures for sustainable soil stabilization. Sand and 15% Kaolin blend were treated with different additive dosages, and the specimens were evaluated via static triaxial testing under unconsolidated undrained conditions, the results are supported by further microstructural and chemical spectroscopy analyses. The optimum dosages found to be 0.075 mL/kg for TerraZyme and 1% (w/w) Xanthan Gum for increasing the shear strength up to 2.5 times after curing for 30 days. TerraZyme facilitated biochemical interaction, forming cemented bonds between sand particles and Xanthan Gum connected the particles via a polymeric network improving interparticle bonding. The results reveal that the use of bioenzymes and biopolymers in stabilization is an environmentally friendly, low-carbon option for ground improvement compared to that of chemical stabilizers.

Indexed as

Bio-additive-induced cementationKaolinMicrostructural investigationsSand stabilizationStrength improvementTerraZymeXanthan gum

Identifiers

PMID41644731
PMCPMC12929720

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.