ArticleScientific reports2026
Biopolymer-based multilayer capsules for protection and controlled release of Pseudomonas fluorescens T17-4 and Bacillus velezensis VRU1.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hydrogel-Enabled Delivery Systems for Agricultural Resilience: Controlled Release, Soil Interactions and Performance Constraints: A Review.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A γ-polyglutamic acid-based artificial biofilm for field delivery of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KNU-28: an uncontrolled multi-orchard demonstration on peach gummosis with exploratory bark fungal community profiling.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are widely recognized as sustainable agricultural inputs because they enhance nutrient availability, reduce reliance on chemical fertilizers, and improve soil and plant health. However, their field performance is often limited by reduced viability and stability under environmental stresses. This study aimed to develop and compare double-layer and multilayer polysaccharide–protein–based encapsulation systems to improve the protection, long-term stability, and controlled release of PGPR. Pseudomonas fluorescens T17-4 and Bacillus velezensis VRU1 were encapsulated using an alginate–whey protein isolate core, with successive outer layers of apricot gum and pectin to form double-layer and multilayer capsules. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles were added to further reinforce the capsule structure. The multilayer encapsulation system outperformed the double-layer formulation, showing higher encapsulation efficiency (> 90%), improved structural integrity, enhanced long-term stability with over 90% bacterial viability after six months, and a more controlled release profile. These findings demonstrate that multilayer polysaccharide–protein encapsulation is an effective strategy for protecting PGPR and ensuring their sustained delivery, highlighting its potential for developing robust biofertilizers in sustainable agriculture.
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Registered trials
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