Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41644157›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2026

Prevalence and associated factors of undernutrition among children under the age of 5 years: a cross-sectional study in riverbank erosion areas of Bangladesh.

Tahidur Rahman, Mamunar Rashid, Yeasin Arafat, Md Fahim, Papia Sultana, Md Merajul Islam

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Tahidur RahmanDepartment of Statistics and Data Science, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh tahidur.iu@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-2100
Mamunar RashidDepartment of Statistics and Data Science, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh.
Yeasin ArafatDepartment of Statistics and Data Science, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh.
Md FahimDepartment of Business Administration, R.P. Shaha University, Narayanganj, Bangladesh.
Papia SultanaDepartment of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
Md Merajul IslamDepartment of Statistics, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThe study aimed to determine the prevalence and identify the associated factors of undernutrition among children under 5 years of age living in riverbank erosion areas in Bangladesh. STUDY

designA community-based cross-sectional study.

settingThe study was carried out in riverbank erosion-prone areas of the Tangail and Kushtia districts of Bangladesh, which were selected because they are highly vulnerable to riverbank erosion and related livelihood disruptions.

participantsParticipants were selected using a two-stage cluster sampling technique based on the criterion that mothers had at least one child under the age of 5 years. OUTCOMES: Stunting, wasting and underweight were considered independently as outcome variables to assess nutritional status.

methodsDescriptive analysis was performed to determine the prevalence of undernutrition, while the χ² test and multivariable Poisson regression model were used to identify significantly associated factors with undernutrition among children under 5 years of age in riverbank erosion areas.

resultsThe average prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight was 37.74%, 22.64% and 9.81%, respectively. Results from the Poisson regression model showed that children who were average or large in size at birth had a much lower prevalence of all forms of undernutrition compared with those born very small. Female children had a 30% lower prevalence of stunting compared with male children. In addition, having educated parents, receiving four or more antenatal care visits and household livestock ownership were each associated with a lower prevalence of undernutrition.

conclusionThe prevalence of stunting in this study was higher than that reported in the most recent Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2022. Child size at birth, sex, parental education, antenatal care visits and household livestock ownership were identified as significantly associated factors with undernutrition in riverbank erosion areas of Bangladesh.

Indexed as

Child Nutrition DisordersGrowth DisordersMalnutritionThinnessBangladeshChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansInfantMaleNutritional StatusPrevalenceRisk FactorsWasting SyndromeChildNUTRITION & DIETETICSPUBLIC HEALTH

Identifiers

PMID41644157
PMCPMC12878453

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.