ArticleInternational journal of hygiene and environmental health2026
Serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) concentrations and anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels following COVID-19 vaccination: A cross-sectional study in three communities with elevated PFAS exposure.
Article in International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Plastic-Derived Pollutants as Emerging Modifiers of Viral Diseases.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are associated with reduced vaccine immune response, though most observational studies have found no link to COVID-19 vaccine response. Residents of North Carolina's Cape Fear River Basin have elevated serum PFAS levels. We investigated the cross-sectional association between serum PFAS and anti-Spike SARS-CoV-2 IgG (anti-S IgG) levels among COVID-19-vaccinated adults (N = 330) from three communities of the GenX Exposure Study with elevated PFAS. Eligibility criteria included no prior COVID-19 diagnosis and receipt of ≥2 COVID-19 vaccinations, the most recent within 180 days of data collection (June-November 2021). Serum PFAS (liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry) and anti-S IgG (AdviseDx SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Assay) were measured. For five PFAS with >85 % sample detection, we built general linear models of log-transformed PFAS and anti-S IgG for each community, adjusting for age, sex, and days since last vaccination. Most participants were mid-aged, female, and White. COVID-19 vaccination patterns (i.e., doses, manufacturer) and anti-S IgG levels varied by community. Modest positive and negative estimates of PFAS-anti-S IgG relationships were observed across communities and PFAS. One community (Lower Cape Fear River region) had the largest, and only statistically significant, estimate: 0.31 % (95 % CI: 0.07 %-0.56 %) increase in anti-S IgG per 1 % increase in PFHpS (PFAS with lowest median concentration). We observed no consistent evidence linking higher serum PFAS to lower COVID-19 vaccine response, aligning with prior studies. Assessing PFAS exposure and COVID-19 vaccine response in observational studies is challenging. Longitudinal studies with serial antibody measurements, and vaccine type considerations, might provide additional insight.
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