ArticleDiscover nano2026
Scalable synthesis and comprehensive characterization of nanostructured silica derived from Ethiopian pumice for high-performance rubber applications.
Article in Discover nano, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The growing demand for sustainable, high-performance rubber materials motivates the development of eco-friendly silica fillers. This study presents a scalable synthesis of nanostructured silica from Ethiopian pumice via beneficiation, alkaline extraction, and optimized sol–gel precipitation. Key synthesis parameters; reaction temperature (60–90 °C), precipitation pH (7–9), and calcination temperature (600–750 °C); were systematically varied. Comprehensive characterization (FTIR, XRD, BET, XRF, XPS, TGA, SEM, EDS, HR-TEM) established correlations between synthesis conditions and properties critical for rubber reinforcement. Optimized samples indicated excellent properties for rubber reinforcement. P2-SiO2 (synthesized at:75 °C, 650 °C, pH 8.5) showed 95.27% SiO2 purity, nanoscale particle size of 115.54 nm, uniform morphology with moderate agglomeration, surface area of 402 m2/g, mesopore diameter of ~ 3.0 nm, reactive silanol groups, and thermal stability up to 800 °C. P3-SiO2 (synthesized at: 85 °C, 700 °C, pH 8.5) demonstrated slightly higher performance, with 95.63% SiO2 purity, particle size of 99.43 nm, uniform non-agglomerated morphology, surface area of 468 m2/g, mesopore diameter of ~ 3.2 nm, reactive silanol groups, and thermal stability up to 800 °C. Among the samples, P3-SiO2 confirmed the most favorable combination of properties, making it a promising industrially scalable filler for high-performance rubber composites. In contrast, the Eco-Templated and sub-optimal samples (P1-SiO2 and P4-SiO2) showed lower SiO2 purity, larger particle sizes, irregular morphology, and pronounced agglomeration, reducing their reinforcing effectiveness. These findings demonstrate that Ethiopian pumice is a sustainable source of cost-effective, high-performance silica, and further work on scale-up and surface functionalization is recommended to enable industrial applications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.