Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41642483›Full record

ReviewCellular and molecular neurobiology2026

Neuroglial Function and Hormonal Modulation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Influence of Sex Hormones.

Maitha M Alhajeri, Yara Abukhaled, Rayyah R Alkhanjari, Wesam Bassiouni, Hana Al-Ali, Amna Baig, Sara H Sembaij, Fatima A Al Muhairi, Zakia Dimassi, Hamdan Hamdan and 1 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cellular and molecular neurobiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Maitha M AlhajeriDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-4877-2503
Yara AbukhaledThe University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-9088-0759
Rayyah R AlkhanjariDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-4681-0332
Wesam BassiouniDepartment of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8410-3960
Hana Al-AliDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-8549-4920
Amna BaigDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-8398-8950
Sara H SembaijDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates.
Fatima A Al MuhairiDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates.
Zakia DimassiDepartment of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8729-1581
Hamdan HamdanDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates. Hamdan.hamdan@ku.ac.ae.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2029-6772
Khaled S Abd-ElrahmanDepartment of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada. khaled.abdelrahman@ubc.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9724-1975

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes, key neuroglial cell types, are essential for central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis, immune regulation, and neuronal support. In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), glial dysfunction contributes to pathogenesis via chronic inflammation, synaptic disruption, oxidative stress, and impaired myelination. Growing evidence highlights the regulatory influence of sex hormones on glial function. These hormones modulate inflammatory tone, synaptic remodeling, and remyelination, potentially contributing to sex-based differences in disease incidence, progression, and treatment response. This review synthesizes current understanding of glial involvement in neurodegeneration and examines how gonadal hormones interact with astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. By integrating glial biology with neuroendocrinology, we propose that hormone-glia interactions represent promising, personalized targets for sex-informed therapies in CNS disorders.

Indexed as

Gonadal Steroid HormonesNeurodegenerative DiseasesNeurogliaAnimalsHumansGonadal Steroid HormonesEstrogenNeurodegenerationNeurogliaNeuroinflammationSex hormonesTestosterone

Identifiers

PMID41642483
PMCPMC12921008

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.