ArticleFEMS yeast research2026
Optimizing carbon-to-nitrogen ratios for enhanced antimicrobial sophorolipid production in Starmerella riodocensis GT-SL1R.
Article in FEMS yeast research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Clearing Candida biofilms using combined antimicrobial sophorolipids with amphotericin B and itraconazole.FEMS yeast research · 2026Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Sophorolipids (SLs) are promising biosurfactants with diverse industrial and biomedical applications; however, optimizing their production efficiency remains a challenge. This study investigates the effect of carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios on SL production by Starmerella riodocensis GT-SL1R and evaluates the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of partial purified SLs. Among the tested C/N ratios (25-200), the highest SL production (26.71 ± 2.01 g·l⁻¹) was achieved at a C/N of 100, with a yield of 0.27 ± 0.0 g·g⁻¹ after 7 days. High C/N conditions (≥100) upregulated key SL biosynthesis genes (CYP52M1, UgtA1, UgtB1, At, and Sble), supporting enhanced SL production. Scale-up fermentation in a 5 l bioreactor further improved SL production to (55.94 ± 1.17 g·l⁻¹), outperforming Starmerellabombicola BCC5426 (50.49 ± 1.97 g·l⁻¹). Structural characterization revealed a predominance of lactonic SLs. SLs exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus and demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting nitric oxide production (IC50 = 21.93 ± 5.95 µg ml⁻¹), with lower cytotoxicity than indomethacin. These findings highlight S. riodocensis GT-SL1R as a promising candidate for industrial SL production and biomedical applications.
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