ReviewIndian journal of psychological medicine2026
Self-report Assessment of Metacognition Among Schizophrenia Patients: A Systematic Review.
Review in Indian journal of psychological medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association of oxidative stress, metacognition, and psychopathology in patients with schizophrenia: a case-control study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Turkish adaptation study of the Metacognition Assessment Scale-Abbreviated in psychotic disorders.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose of the Review: Metacognition is the ability to reflect on and regulate one's own cognitive processes. It is increasingly recognized as a critical factor in schizophrenia, influencing insight, treatment adherence, and functional outcomes. Self-report tools are widely used to assess metacognition, but their reliability, validity, and clinical applicability remain debated. Collection and Analysis of Data: This systematic review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and was registered with International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). A total of five electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus) were searched for studies published between 2014 and 2024. Eligibility was defined by the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Design (PICO-D) framework, focusing on adults with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder assessed with self-report metacognition measures. Study quality was appraised using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) Risk of Bias checklist. Of 2,437 records screened, 36 studies were included. Data were narratively synthesized, with statistical properties such as internal consistency (Cronbach's α), test-retest reliability, and factor structures summarized. Most tools, including the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS), Metacognition Assessment Scale (MAS), and Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ-30), demonstrated high internal consistency (α = 0.70-0.95) and satisfactory construct validity. Findings consistently linked metacognitive deficits to greater symptom severity, poor social functioning, and reduced treatment response, while higher self-reflection and cognitive flexibility predicted improved clinical and vocational outcomes. However, limitations included reliance on self-report accuracy, limited longitudinal validation, and inadequate cross-cultural adaptation. Conclusions: Self-report measures of metacognition in schizophrenia exhibit strong psychometric support and clear clinical utility for diagnosis, symptom monitoring, and rehabilitation planning.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.