ArticleWorld journal of psychiatry2026
Association of depression, anxiety, and insomnia in hypertensive disorders in pregnant women.
Article in World journal of psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundInsomnia in patients with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) appears closely associated with depression and anxiety, though this relationship requires further validation.
aimTo examine the inter-relationships among depression, anxiety, and insomnia in women with HDP.
methodsA total of 122 HDP cases were enrolled from January 2021 to January 2025. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to evaluate depressive symptoms, while the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) assessed anxiety. Sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and insomnia were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Spearman's
resultsAmong the 122 women with HDP, 20.49% exhibited depression and 24.59% had anxiety. The mean PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores were 4.00 (3.00, 4.00) and 4.00 (3.00, 4.25), respectively. As pregnancy progressed, participants showed reduced sleep duration and efficiency, higher PSQI total scores, and an increased proportion of poor sleepers. Across all gestational stages, PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores were positively correlated with PSQI results. Depression and anxiety were independently associated with a prior HDP history, limited spousal support, PSQI > 5, and monthly income < 4000 yuan, as confirmed using both regression models.
conclusionDepression and anxiety in HDP are positively and strongly to insomnia. Women with HDP face higher risk of depression and anxiety if they have a history of HDP, limited spousal support, PSQI > 5, or monthly income < 4000 yuan.
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