SynthesisOncology reviews2025
Smoking and oral and pharyngeal cancer: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Oncology reviews, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Evaluation of dose-response relationships between smoking tobacco, alcohol consumption and oral cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Incidence of Malignant Oral Cavity Tumors in the Republic of Serbia: Trend Analysis (1999-2020) and Projections to 2040.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Smoking cessation counseling in primary care settings: Cross-sectional views from patients and dentists as key stakeholders.PloS one · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer (OPC) affects over 580,000 people globally each year, with tobacco and alcohol being key risk factors. This meta-analysis quantifies the excess risk of OPC associated with cigarette smoking and its patterns. Methods: We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies assessing the association between cigarette smoking and OPC risk, including articles published up to February 2025. Using a combined umbrella and traditional review approach, we estimated pooled relative risks (RR) by smoking status, intensity, duration, and time since quitting. Results: Out of 137 eligible articles, 115 original studies were included in this meta-analysis. Relative to never smokers, the pooled risk of OPC was 3.58 (95% CI: 3.03-4.24; n = 54) among current smokers, 1.61 (95% CI: 1.44-1.81; n = 53) among former smokers, and 2.45 (95% CI: 2.19-2.75; n = 80) among ever smokers. Subsite-specific analyses showed RRs of 3.39 (95% CI: 2.64-4.35; n = 25) for oral cancer and 4.24 (95% CI: 2.96-6.09; n = 18) for pharyngeal cancer in current versus never smokers. Risk rose steeply with both smoking intensity and duration, doubling after 6 cigarettes per day or 7 years of smoking, before reaching a plateau around an RR of 5 at 20 cigarettes per day or 20 years. The risk declined linearly with longer time since quitting, with a 50% reduction observed within 10 years of cessation. Conclusion: Our findings reaffirm the substantial impact of smoking on OPC risk and stress the need for efforts to avoid smoking initiation and support cessation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.