ReviewNeuro-ophthalmology (Aeolus Press)2026
The Retina as a Biomarker for Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.
Review in Neuro-ophthalmology (Aeolus Press), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Reliability of Macular Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness Measurements Across Scan Protocols in Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative condition in the world. Due to the absence of a single definitive diagnostic test, there has been increasing emphasis on identifying reliable biomarkers. This systematic review investigates the potential use of the retina as a biomarker for Parkinson's disease, with a focus on its utility for diagnosis, early detection, or monitoring disease progression. We conducted a comprehensive search using systematic review methodology and tools across multiple databases (PubMed, Embase via OVID and Cochrane), limiting publications to the last five years, in the English language, and to human studies. Of the 13 studies submitted to critical appraisal after systematic filtering, 11 used optical coherence tomography (OCT), 4 used optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A), 3 used contrast sensitivity, 7 used best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), 2 used electroretinography (ERG), and 2 visually evoked potential (VEP) to compare between Parkinson's disease patients and healthy controls. The results varied across different techniques, with OCT and OCT-A showing inconsistent statistical significance in multiple studies. Contrast sensitivity demonstrated statistical significance, while BCVA showed no significant difference. ERG and VEP each exhibited some degree of statistical significance. Among the techniques, contrast sensitivity, ERG, VEP, and vessel density (measured with OCT-A) showed the most consistent statistical significance as potential biomarkers. These findings provide early evidence supporting the retina's potential as a biomarker for Parkinson's disease.
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Registered trials
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