ArticleInternational journal of pharmaceutics: X2026
PEGylated gold nanoparticles regulate metabolic flux in erythrocytes by inducing hemoglobin deoxygenation.
Article in International journal of pharmaceutics: X, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Nanomedicines based on polyethylene glycol-functionalized gold nanoparticles (Au@PEG NPs) are usually administered by intravenous injection to improve bioavailability. It is widely accepted that surface modification with PEG can prevent direct interactions between AuNPs and proteins. Therefore, the interaction of Au@PEG NPs with plasma proteins and blood cells has not received enough attention. Our previous study demonstrated that Au@PEG NPs affect the oxygen-carrying capacity and deformability of erythrocytes through oxidative stress; however, the molecular mechanism of oxidative damage induced by Au@PEG NPs remains unclear. Due to the absence of cell organelles such as the nucleus and mitochondria in mature erythrocytes, we hypothesise that Au@PEG NPs primarily generate oxidative stress by interfere with metabolic flux in erythrocytes. We have employed dynamic light scattering (DLS), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) to investigate the interaction between proteins and 30 nm Au@PEG NPs. ITC and SPRi data revealed that hemoglobin exhibits a higher affinity for 30 nm Au@PEG NPs compared to albumin (Ka: 1.46 × 10
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