Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41640401›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2025

Synergistic remediation of Cd/Pb contamination in paddy soils using iron-based sulfur-rich material combined with foliar Zn fertilizer.

Ting Chen, Yuanyuan Sun, Fanxin Qin, Chunxiang Li, Lin Zhong, Jinjin Wang, Wanyu Huang, Haihe Wang, Qiufen Feng

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Ting ChenKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.
Yuanyuan SunKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.
Fanxin QinKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.
Chunxiang LiKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.
Lin ZhongKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.
Jinjin WangCollege of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research and Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
Wanyu HuangGuizhou Institute of Environmental Scientific Research and Design, Guiyang, China.
Haihe WangGuizhou Ecological and Environment Monitoring Center, Guiyang, China.
Qiufen FengKey Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Midstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Cultivated Land and Agricultural Eco-Environment Institute, Changsha, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Addressing the limitations of single-technology approaches to mitigate cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) co-contamination in rice, this study elucidates the synergistic mechanism between iron-based soil immobilization and foliar zinc (Zn) barrier control. A pot experiment with four treatments was conducted: CK (control), FBA (foliar Zn fertilizer), IBS (iron-based sulfur-rich material), and ISF (IBS combined with Zn). The ISF treatment showed particularly remarkable efficacy. Compared to the CK, it increased rice biomass by 49.6%, reduced Cd and Pb concentrations in grains by 53.8 and 54.2%, respectively (to 0.2 mg/kg), and enhanced Zn accumulation by 311.8%. This treatment raised soil pH by 1.4 units, decreased bioavailable Cd and Pb by 31.2 and 18.5%, and promoted the transfomation of Cd into the Fe-Mn oxide-bound fraction (FMO, + 389.1%) and the residual fraction (RES, + 5.3%), while simultaneously increasing the FMO-bound proportion of Pb by 29.6%. Furthermore, ISF significantly enhanced soil enzyme activities (e.g., urease), increased total microbial OTUs with 187 unique OTUs, enriched

Indexed as

foliar sprayheavy metalsiron-based materialsmicrobial communitypaddy soilzinc

Identifiers

PMID41640401
PMCPMC12865293

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.