ArticleBMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation2026
Treadmill running modulates infrapatellar fat pad remodeling in osteoarthritic rats in an intensity-dependent manner.
Article in BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to investigate the influence of treadmill running at varying intensities on the remodeling of the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) in a rat model of osteoarthritis (OA), and to explore the association between exercise-induced IFP alterations and joint pain and structural integrity.
methodsThirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, OA, and three OA groups subjected to treadmill running intensities at low (OAL), medium (OAM), and high (OAH). OA was induced via intra-articular injection of monoiodoacetate. Following induction, rats in the running groups completed a 4-week treadmill running program. Comprehensive evaluations included histomorphological and immunohistochemical analyses, micro-computed tomography, and weight-bearing asymmetry tests to assess pain. Lastly, correlation analyses were performed to assess the relationship between IFP remodeling and joint pain or structural integrity.
resultsThe OAM group exhibited significant improvements in IFP remodeling, characterized by reduced fibrosis and inflammation (p < 0.05), accompanied by decreased M1 macrophage polarization. Cartilage integrity was better preserved (p < 0.05), and subchondral cortical bone mineral density was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in this group. Likewise, pain severity was significantly alleviated in the OAM group (p < 0.05). In contrast, the OAL and OAH groups displayed no significant improvements. Finally, correlation analysis demonstrated significant associations between IFP fibrosis/inflammation and cartilage damage (r = 0.60), pain (r = 0.58), and trabecular separation (r = 0.38).
conclusionTreadmill running exerts intensity-dependent effects on IFP remodeling in OA rats, with moderate intensity providing optimal benefits. The significant correlations observed between IFP remodeling and joint integrity and pain indicate a potential link between IFP and exercise-induced joint protection.
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