ArticleBMC surgery2026
Relieving the pressure: the effect of active carbon dioxide aspiration on postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Article in BMC surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
backgroundResidual carbon dioxide (CO₂) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) may contribute to early postoperative pain. Active aspiration of CO₂ has been proposed as a simple adjunct, but large cohort data remain limited.
methodsThis non-randomized prospective cohort study included 270 patients undergoing LC between May 2025 and October 2025. Patients were allocated to either the active aspiration group (n = 135) or the passive evacuation group (n = 135). Pain was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 4 and 24 h. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, independent and paired t-tests, and Pearson correlation. A priori power analysis determined that 266 patients (133 per group) were required (effect size d = 0.40, α = 0.05, power = 0.90).
resultsThe aspiration group had significantly lower pain scores at both 4 h (3.48 ± 1.08 vs. 5.30 ± 1.60; p < 0.001) and 24 h (1.69 ± 0.94 vs. 3.59 ± 1.38; p < 0.001). Active aspiration was associated with lower pain scores at both time points (p < 0.001).
conclusionActive evacuation of residual CO₂ was associated with lower postoperative pain scores following LC. Given the non-randomized design, causal inference is limited, and the findings should be interpreted cautiously.
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