ArticleBMC psychiatry2026
Expressed emotions and caregiving appraisals among relatives of patients with psychotic disorders: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRelatives' expressed emotions (EE) and caregiving appraisals are associated with the prognosis of individuals with psychotic disorders as well as relatives' own well-being. The main aim of the present study was to examine whether sociodemographic factors, patients' clinical characteristics, relatives' health and quality of life (QoL), and relatives' perceived support explained a significant amount of the variance in expressed emotion (EE) and caregiving appraisals among relatives of patients with psychotic disorders.
methodsBaseline data from The Implementation of guidelines on Family Involvement for persons with Psychotic disorders (IFIP) trial were compiled from 231 patient-relative pairs across 15 Community Mental Health Centres (CMHC). Relatives completed assessments on EE; emotional overinvolvement (EOI) and critical comments (CC) (Family Questionnaire), negative and positive caregiving appraisals (Experience of Caregiving Inventory), health and QoL (Care Related Quality of Life), healthcare professional support (Caregiver Well-being and Support) and sociodemographic factors. Patients reported on their own difficulties with mental health and functioning (Behavior and Symptom Identification scale) while clinicians assessed patients' functioning (Global Assessment of Functioning) and sociodemographic factors. Pearson and Spearman correlations and hierarchical multiple linear regressions were used for statistical analyses.
resultsDuration since first psychosis diagnosis, patients' mental health and functioning, and relatives' health problems explained a substantial proportion of variance in relatives' EOI and negative caregiving appraisals. Together with household income level, duration since first psychosis diagnosis explained a significant amount of the variance in positive caregiving appraisals. Relatives' perceived support from healthcare professionals explained a significant amount of the variance in CC and negative caregiving appraisals, even after adjusting for contextual variables.
conclusionPsychotic disorders entail significant burdens and shape the family climate for both patients and their relatives. Negative caregiving appraisals and EOI may reflect normal reactions to the responsibilities and challenges relatives face. EOI and CC, however, may be associated with distinct factors, necessitating tailored psychoeducational and support interventions. The findings suggest that relatives' perceived support from healthcare professionals could have a substantial positive impact on CC and negative caregiving appraisals, which is important for clinicians to recognise and address.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.