Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41639630›Full record

ArticleBMC infectious diseases2026

Effect of long-lasting antimicrobial surface sprays in real-life environment.

Szava Bansaghi, Gábor Gulyás, Tamás Járay, Dóra Tombácz, Zsolt Boldogkői, Jörn Klein

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Szava Bansaghi *Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Porsgrunn, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0742-3984
Gábor GulyásAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
Tamás JárayAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
Dóra TombáczAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
Zsolt BoldogkőiAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
Jörn Klein *Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Porsgrunn, Norway. Jorn.Klein@usn.no.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1803-4167

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antimicrobial surfaces have the potential to continuously self-decontaminate, which can play a key role in infection control. Various surface treatment sprays are available on the market today, differing in their chemical compositions and active ingredients. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of these surface treatment sprays in real-life settings. The effects of the sprays were examined both in vitro, using bacterial suspensions, and in real-life settings. Effectiveness was measured by the number of colony-forming units (CFU) and by ATP tests. Additionally, the microbiome of one door opener was sequenced to identify the predominant microbes on that surface. Sequencing revealed that the microbiome of the door openers is mainly composed of skin bacteria. Staphylococcus (49.2%) and Micrococcus (33.6%) were the dominant genera identified in the sample. In vitro experiments demonstrated that all spray treatments were effective when tested against bacteria in suspension. However, in real-life settings, none of our measurements detected a significant reduction in microbial presence following spray treatment. We hypothesize that this discrepancy is due to the presence of a fatty substance, likely from fingerprints, on surfaces. This oily layer may act as a barrier that physically separates microbes from the treated surfaces, thereby diminishing the efficacy of the antimicrobial sprays.

Indexed as

Anti-Infective AgentsBacteriaDisinfectantsDisinfectionColony Count, MicrobialEnvironmental MicrobiologyAnti-Infective AgentsDisinfectantsAntimicrobial coatingBacteria-free surfaceEnvironmental disinfectionQuaternary ammonium compoundsSelf-disinfecting surface

Identifiers

PMID41639630
PMCPMC12964879

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.