Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41639137›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Examining human reliance on artificial intelligence in decision making.

Joe Pearson, Itiel E Dror, Emma Jayes, Grace-Rose Whordley, Georgina Mason, Sophie Nightingale

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Joe PearsonDepartment of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YF, UK.
Itiel E DrorCognitive Consultants International (CCI-HQ), London, UK.
Emma JayesDefence Science and Technology Laboratory, Wiltshire, UK.
Grace-Rose WhordleyDefence Science and Technology Laboratory, Wiltshire, UK.
Georgina MasonDefence Science and Technology Laboratory, Wiltshire, UK.
Sophie NightingaleDepartment of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YF, UK. s.nightingale1@lancaster.ac.uk.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to effectively support human decision making depends on whether humans are willing to trust in, and thus rely on, AI. Understanding human reliance on AI is critical given controversial reports of AI inaccuracy and bias. Furthermore, the erroneous belief that using technology removes biases may lead to overreliance on AI. To examine humans’ reliance on AI, human participants (N = 295, Mage = 33.79) judged the authenticity of 80 faces (40 real, 40 AI-synthesized) presented alongside guidance supposedly from humans or from AI. This guidance was correct only half of the time. Participants indicated their confidence in each judgement and completed measures to examine propensity to trust humans and general attitudes towards AI. Participants who received AI guidance and exhibited more positive attitudes towards AI showed poorer discriminability between real and synthetic faces than those with less positive attitudes towards AI. For participants who received human guidance, level of trust in humans did not affect discriminability. Therefore, AI-derived guidance may be uniquely placed to engender biases in humans, leading to less effective decision making. To ensure successful human-AI decision making partnerships, more research is needed to understand precisely how humans use AI guidance in various contexts.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceDecision MakingAdultAttitudeFemaleHumansJudgmentMaleTrustYoung AdultAIBiasComputational social scienceDecision-making

Identifiers

PMID41639137
PMCPMC12881489

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.