Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41639116›Full record

ArticleScientific data2026

A global image-based data repository of killer whale interactions with elasmobranchs.

Emma Luck, Isabella M Reeves, Maeva Terrapon, Rebecca Wellard, Stephanie K Venables, Alison V Towner, Alison A Kock, Charlotte Hussain, Molly Altschwager, Rosie Ballard and 36 more

Abstract readDatasetVideo-Audio Media
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific data, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

46 authors.

Emma LuckCollege of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Anchorage, Alaska, USA. emmaluck97@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9996-7697
Isabella M ReevesCetacean Research Centre (CETREC WA), Esperance, Western Australia, Australia.
Maeva TerraponSea Mammal Research Unit, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK.
Rebecca WellardCetacean Research Centre (CETREC WA), Esperance, Western Australia, Australia.
Stephanie K VenablesMarine Megafauna Foundation, Centro de Investigação Científica Megafauna Marinha, Praia do Tofo, Mozambique.
Alison V TownerSouth African International Maritime Institute, Ocean Sciences Campus, Gqeberha, 6031, South Africa.
Alison A KockScientific Services, South African National Parks, Cape Town, 7966, South Africa.
Charlotte HussainDepartment of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
Molly AltschwagerThree Islands Whale Shark Dive, Exmouth, Western Australia, Australia.
Rosie BallardSan José Divers, San José del Cabo, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
Evans BaudinBaja Shark Experience, Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
Nancy BlackCalifornia Killer Whale Project, Monterey, California, USA.
Evan BrodskyCalifornia Killer Whale Project, Monterey, California, USA.
Jade CantrallNaturaliste Charters, Dunsborough, Western Australia, Australia.
Julio CardosoProBaV Projeto Baleia á Vista, São Paulo, Brazil.
Matt I D CarterSea Mammal Research Unit, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-6254
Oliver ClarkeIndependent Contributor, Exmouth, Australia.
Santiago Diaz-PazminoAnimal Behaviour Lab, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
David DonnellyKiller Whales Australia, Victoria, Australia.
Georgina Cabayol FerrazFuturismo Azores Adventures, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
Arlaine FranciscoProBaV Projeto Baleia á Vista, São Paulo, Brazil.
Laura González GarcíaFuturismo Azores Adventures, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
Mark JackmanNaturaliste Charters, Dunsborough, Western Australia, Australia.
Aimee JanThree Islands Whale Shark Dive, Exmouth, Western Australia, Australia.
Eric MartinRoundhouse Aquarium, Manhattan Beach, California, USA.
Dane McDermottCalifornia Killer Whale Project, Monterey, California, USA.
James MoskitoOcean Safaris, Monterey Bay, California, USA.
Blair RanfordNaturaliste Charters, Dunsborough, Western Australia, Australia.
Jesús Erick Higuera RivasConexiones Terramar Asociación Civil A.C., 23000, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4607-8244
Jasmin O'BrienNingaloo Whale Shark Swim, Exmouth, Western Australia, Australia.
Anton OleynikIndependent Contributor, Auckland, New Zealand.
Hernán Orellana-VásquezOrganización Relictum Conservation, Calle Caoba 274-52 y Arabiscos, La Pradera, Loja, Ecuador.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4208-3751
Daniela Alarcón RualesUniversidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.
Gemma SharpWhale Watch Western Australia, Bremer Bay, Western Australia, Australia.
Jade SharpWhale Watch Western Australia, Bremer Bay, Western Australia, Australia.
Alisa Schulman-JanigerCalifornia Killer Whale Project, Monterey, California, USA.
Colleen M TaltyCalifornia Killer Whale Project, Monterey, California, USA.
Paul TixierMARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Sète, France.
John A TotterdellCetacean Research Centre (CETREC WA), Esperance, Western Australia, Australia.
Steve TruluckHebridean Whale Cruises, Pier Road, Gairloch, IV21 2BQ, UK.
Jennah TuckerNaturaliste Charters, Dunsborough, Western Australia, Australia.
Tara WebergIndependent Contributor, Bahia de Los Angeles, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
M Fernanda Urrutia-OsorioPROCETUS, Bahia de Los Angeles, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
Machi YoshidaNaturaliste Charters, Dunsborough, Western Australia, Australia.
Jochen R ZaeschmarFar Out Ocean Research Collective, Paihia, New Zealand.
Lauren MeyerSouthern Shark Ecology Group, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Killer whales (Orcinus orca) are cosmopolitan apex predators that interact with numerous species, including sharks, skates, and rays (subclass Elasmobranchii). Interactions between killer whales and elasmobranchs have garnered attention from the scientific community, but the dynamics of these events are poorly understood, as interactions are often challenging to observe. In this study, we collated imagery of interactions between killer whales and elasmobranchs to create the first image-based repository of interspecific interactions between marine predators. A total of 320 photos and videos from 82 unique interactions were collected from 12 countries. A minimum of 18 elasmobranch species across 16 genera were identified from the imagery. Furthermore, 10 different interaction types were documented, encompassing both predatory and non-predatory behavior. This dataset can provide insight into various research topics, including killer whale predation techniques, elasmobranch behavior, and the identification of individual killer whales that specialize in elasmobranch prey. As a new and openly accessible resource, this dataset provides the foundation to support future ecological and behavioral research on killer whale and elasmobranch interactions.

Indexed as

ElasmobranchiiPredatory BehaviorWhale, KillerAnimals

Identifiers

PMID41639116
PMCPMC12979802

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.