Observational studyBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2026
Testing menstrual blood for human papillomavirus during cervical cancer screening in China: cross sectional population based study.
Observational study in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06082765 (Cervical Cancer Screening with NGS-HPV Technology Based on Menstrual Blood), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Cervical Cancer Screening with NGS-HPV Technology Based on Menstrual Blood
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Authors and funding
32 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo compare the diagnostic accuracy of minipad collected menstrual blood versus clinician collected cervical samples to test for human papillomavirus (HPV) in the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 or worse (CIN2+/CIN3+).
designCross sectional population based study.
settingFour urban and three rural communities in Hubei Province, China.
participants3068 women aged 20-54 years with regular menstrual cycles, enrolled between September 2021 and January 2025.
interventionsHPV testing using minipad collected menstrual blood, clinician collected cervical samples, and ThinPrep cytology. Women who tested HPV positive by either collection method or by cytology (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or worse) were referred for colposcopy directed biopsy sampling.
main outcome measureDiagnostic accuracy for detecting CIN2+ and CIN3+.
resultsAmong 3068 participants, minipad based HPV testing showed a sensitivity of 94.7% (95% confidence interval 80.9% to 99.1%) for CIN2+ detection, comparable to clinician based HPV testing (92.1%, 77.5% to 97.9%; P=1.00). Although minipad HPV testing showed a lower specificity than clinician HPV testing (89.1%, 88.0% to 90.2%
conclusionsMinipad collected menstrual blood showed comparable diagnostic accuracy to clinician collected cervical samples for HPV testing for detecting CIN2+ and CIN3+.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT06082765.
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