SynthesisTropical medicine & international health : TM & IH2026
Where Are the Gaps in Diabetes Care? An Evidence Gap Mapping of the Diabetes Patient Journey in Indonesia.
Synthesis in Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Where Are the Gaps in Diabetes Care? An Evidence Gap Mapping of the Diabetes Patient Journey in Indonesia.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2026Pooled it
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6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveUnderstanding the diabetes patient journey, from awareness, screening, diagnosis, treatment, adherence and control, is crucial for improving outcomes. However, in many low- and middle-income countries, including Indonesia, data across this continuum of care remain limited due to limited health information exchange capacity. This study aimed to map and estimate the prevalence of true diabetes and key touchpoints along the patient journey to identify gaps in diabetes management in Indonesia.
methodsWe applied an evidence gap mapping approach by systematically searching relevant literature published between 1 January 2014, and 27 March 2025, in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase, complemented by unstructured searches of government websites. Evidence was visualised using a chord diagram, bar chart and heatmaps. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to estimate pooled prevalence, stratified by study setting and sample representativeness relative to the national population.
resultsAmong 94 records, none fully applied diabetes patient journey frameworks and most of the evidence was assessed as low quality. Screening was the least studied touchpoint and awareness missed nationally representative data. Pooled prevalence estimates were: true diabetes 13% (95% confidence interval (CI): 9%-17%), awareness 71% (95% CI: 54%-85%), screening 19% (95% CI: 0%-55%), diagnosis 15% (95% CI: 6%-27%), treatment 89% (95% CI: 80%-95%), adherence 59% (95% CI: 49%-69%) and control 31% (95% CI: 25%-36%). Prevalence rates were generally lower in studies conducted in the general population using nationally representative samples. Pooled prevalence across touchpoints and subgroups decreased after excluding low-quality studies, although heterogeneity within subgroups remained high.
conclusionEvidence gap mapping offers a practical approach to generating local patient journey data in countries with limited health information exchange capacity. Specifically for Indonesia, a comprehensive consideration of the diabetes patient journey is lacking. Barriers exist across all touchpoints, particularly in the general population.
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