Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41636882›Full record

Trial reportClinical oral investigations2026

Vertical skeletal dimension and dentoalveolar changes in extraction versus non-extraction orthodontic treatment in class I malocclusion: a non-randomized clinical trial.

Hasan A Alrubaie, Amira A Aboalnaga, Maged S Alhammadi, Amr E Eldakroury, Mai H Aboulfotouh

Registry-linked trialAbstract readClinical TrialComparative Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Clinical oral investigations, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04151875 (Effect of Extraction Versus Non-extraction Orthodontic Treatment on Vertical Facial Dimension), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04151875 naunknown statusnot on this map

Effect of Extraction Versus Non-extraction Orthodontic Treatment on Vertical Facial Dimension: A Non-Randomized Clinical Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorCairo UniversityRan2021 to 2022Enrolled30ConditionsMalocclusion, Long Face Syndrome, Crowding, ToothArmsExtraction orthodontic treatment, Non-extraction orthodontic treatment
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Hasan A AlrubaieDepartment of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. hasan.naji@dentistry.cu.edu.eg.
Amira A AboalnagaDepartment of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Maged S AlhammadiDepartment of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Amr E EldakrouryDepartment of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Mai H AboulfotouhDepartment of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study aimed to compare the effect of bimaxillary first premolar extractions versus non-extraction orthodontic treatment on the vertical skeletal dimension and dentoalveolar structures in Class I malocclusion. MATERIALS AND

methodsA prospective clinical trial was conducted involving 50 adult patients with Class I malocclusion, hyperdivergent facial pattern, and moderate crowding (as low as 4.6 to as high as 7.1 mm) in both arches. The sample was divided into two groups: The extraction group, consisting of 25 patients who underwent extraction of bimaxillary first premolars, and the non-extraction group, composed of 25 patients treated without extraction. The vertical skeletal dimensions and dentoalveolar changes in the three orthogonal planes were assessed on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images before and after treatment. Intra- and inter-group comparisons were performed using paired and an independent t-test, respectively.

resultsIn the extraction group, the lower anterior facial height (LAFH) significantly increased by 1.35 ± 1.73 mm (P = 0.00), while the mandibular plane angle (SN-MP angle) showed a non-significant decrease. In the non-extraction group, the LAFH significantly increased by 0.8 ± 1.8 mm (P = 0.03), while the SN-MP angle showed a statistically significant decrease of 0.7 ± 0.75 degrees (P = 0.00). No significant difference was found between the two studied groups in all measurements of the skeletal vertical skeletal dimension including LAFH, posterior facial height (PFH), SN-MP angle, and Frankfort mandibular plane angle (FMA).

conclusionsThe vertical skeletal dimension showed no significant difference between extraction and non-extraction orthodontic treatments. The influence of first premolar extractions on the vertical skeletal dimension is often overestimated. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The extraction or non-extraction decision in orthodontics is attributed to several factors, in which one of these factors is the impact of treatment on facial divergence of the patient. This study investigates the effect of both treatments and demonstrated the limitations to reduce the vertical skeletal dimension by first premolar extraction. Hence, clinicians need to control the facial divergence by means other than the extraction strategy alone.

trial registrationThe study protocol was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with an identification number: NCT04151875.

Indexed as

Malocclusion, Angle Class IOrthodontics, CorrectiveTooth ExtractionVertical DimensionAdultBicuspidCephalometryCone-Beam Computed TomographyFemaleHumansMaleProspective StudiesTreatment OutcomeCrowdingExtraction orthodonticsFacial divergenceFacial profileLower anterior facial height

Identifiers

PMID41636882

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.