ArticleInternational journal of sports physical therapy2026
Influence of Humeral Retrotorsion on Glenohumeral Range of Motion in Healthy Collegiate Softball Players.
Article in International journal of sports physical therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Anatomic humeral retrotorsion (aHRT) influences objective measures of glenohumeral external (GER) and internal rotation (GIR) range of motion (ROM) in baseball players. Baseball players often display GER deficits within the context of aHRT; however, this has yet to be studied in a softball population. Hypothesis/Purpose: 1) To determine if there are differences in GER ROM, GIR ROM, total range of motion (TROM), aHRT, relative humeral retrotorsion (rHRT), and HRT-corrected motion between collegiate softball position players and pitchers, 2) to determine if differences exist between GER and HRT-corrected GER and GIR and HRT-corrected GIR in collegiate softball players, regardless of position. Study Design: Retrospective Descriptive Study. Methods: Sixty-three healthy Division I softball players participated. Objective measures of GER, GIR, and aHRT on the throwing arm and non-throwing were collected using a digital inclinometer at various timepoints during the 2023-2024 seasons. TROM, rHRT, and HRT-corrected motions were calculated from objective measurements on the throwing arm and non-throwing arm. Independent Results: There were no significant differences in GER, GIR, TROM, aHRT, rHRT, HRT-corrected GER, and HRT-corrected GIR by player position (p> 0.05). Effect sizes ranged from -0.27-0.57. There were differences in position players between GER (5 ± 8°) and HRT-corrected GER (-11 ± 14°) (p < 0.001) and GIR (-10 ± 10°) and HRT-corrected GIR (6 ± 12°) (p < 0.001). There were differences in pitchers between GER (1 ± 8°) and HRT-corrected GER (-11 ± 11°) (p < 0.001) and GIR (-7 ± 9°) and HRT-corrected GIR (5 ± 10°) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: When glenohumeral ROM is interpreted within the context of rHRT, GIR deficits are not common in softball players. Based on the current findings, it is imperative that rHRT be assessed in all softball players as this information will aid in the identification of true motion restrictions. Level of Evidence: 3.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.