ArticleNature sensors2026
High-frequency, low-energy organic event-based sensors for closed-loop neurostimulation.
Article in Nature sensors, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Minimally invasive bioelectronic implants.Nature materials · 2026Review
- Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Neuromorphic Bioelectronics: Materials and Manufacturing Technologies.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Gate Metal-Driven Sensing and Memory Bifunctionality in Intrinsically Stretchable Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Soft Neuromorphic Systems.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Neuromorphic Technologies for Neuroengineering: From Adaptive Stimulation to SNN-Based Inference and Deployable Biointerfaces.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- An organic artificial cardiomyocyte.Nature communications · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Event-based bioelectronic sensors enable real-time detection and modulation of neural activity. However, conventional silicon interfaces are rigid and energy intensive, whereas organic electrochemical neuron (OECN)-based sensors, though promising, have been limited by slow firing rates, high energy use and scalability challenges. Here we present an OECN-based sensor capable of rapid, energy-efficient neural signal detection for closed-loop neurostimulation. These event-driven sensors respond within ~1 ms and generate voltage pulses up to 1.1 kHz, covering the full bandwidth of mammalian neuronal activity (0.5-1,000 Hz) while consuming only ~40 pJ per spike. Accurate detection of hippocampal interictal epileptiform discharges is demonstrated. Integrated with microelectrodes, these OECN-based sensors enable closed-loop neuromodulation by delivering real-time stimulation to suppress pathological sleep spindle oscillations in vivo. Combining biorealistic operation with ultra-low energy use, OECN-based sensors are good candidates for the next generation of implantable bioelectronics in energy-constrained environments.
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Registered trials
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