ArticleCureus2026
Biliopleural Fistula Following Percutaneous Transhepatic Drainage: A Rare Cause of Bilious Pleural Effusion.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
Biliopleural fistula is a rare but serious complication of hepatobiliary interventions. It may present with atypical respiratory symptoms and requires a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. We report the case of a 79‑year‑old woman with choledocholithiasis complicated by failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), post‑ERCP pancreatitis, and cholangitis. Following percutaneous transhepatic drainage (PTD) with external biliary catheter placement, she developed a loculated right‑sided pleural effusion. Diagnostic thoracentesis revealed bilious pleural fluid, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) confirmed a fistulous tract between the intrahepatic biliary system and the pleural space. Surgical thoracotomy with decortication established the diagnosis and resolved the condition. This case highlights the importance of recognizing biliopleural fistula as a potential complication of PTD. Early imaging and timely surgical intervention are critical to prevent respiratory compromise.
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