ArticlePhysiological reports2026
The effect of sex on the isolated and combined α- and β-adrenergic control of blood flow during handgrip in adults at high altitude: An exploratory study.
Article in Physiological reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study examined how sex influences blood flow during exercise at altitude and relative contributions of adrenergic mechanisms. Thirteen participants (8 M/5F) were tested at low and high altitude (days 3-11). Participants performed rhythmic handgrip for 3 min at 25% maximal voluntary contraction during local infusions of saline, propranolol (β-adrenergic blockade), and phentolamine with propranolol (α-β-adrenergic blockade). Doppler ultrasound was used to examine brachial artery blood flow (FBF) and calculate forearm vascular conductance (FVC). Resting FBF and FVC were higher in males compared to females across all conditions (p = 0.024; p = 0.025, respectively). Blockade condition significantly altered FBF and FVC (p < 0.001 for both) but there was no effect of altitude (p = 0.330; p = 0.718, respectively). During exercise, ΔFBF was influenced by condition (p < 0.001), but not by sex (p = 0.696) or altitude (p = 0.813). Similarly, ΔFVC was different across conditions (control: 9.4 ± 2.3 mL/min/mmHg/FAV; β-blockade: 11.4 ± 12.8 mL/min/mmHg/FAV; α-β-blockade: 3.9 ± 1.1 mL/min/mmHg/FAV; p < 0.001), with no effect of sex (p = 0.646) or altitude (p = 0.889). These results suggest males and females do not respond differently to exercise at altitude, and light-intensity exercise hyperemia may be preserved during early acclimatization. α-adrenergic receptors appear important for exercising blood flow, but β-adrenergic receptors may not be critical in this response.
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